–í –ë—Ä—è–Ω—Å–∫–µ –ø—Ä–æ–¥–æ–ª–∂–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –∫—Ä–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–π —Ö–æ–¥ –≤ —á–µ—Å—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∞–∑–¥–Ω–∏–∫–∞ –°–≤–µ–Ω—Å–∫–æ–π –ë–æ–∂—å–µ–π –ú–∞—Ç–µ—Ä–∏

–í –≥–æ—Ä–æ–¥–µ –ë—Ä—è–Ω—Å–∫ —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è, 30 –∞–≤–≥—É—Å—Ç–∞, –±—É–∫–≤–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ —á–∞—Å –Ω–∞–∑–∞–¥ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–æ–≤–∞–ª –∫—Ä–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–π —Ö–æ–¥. –°–æ—Ç–Ω–∏ –≤–µ—Ä—É—é—â–∏—Ö –≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–µ —Å–æ —Å–≤—è—Ç—ã–º–∏ –æ—Ç—Ü–∞–º–∏ –¥–≤–∏–Ω—É–ª–∏—Å—å –ø–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–∫—Ä—ã—Ç—ã–º –≥–æ—Ä–æ–¥—Å–∫–∏–º —É–ª–∏—Ü–∞–º. –ù–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–π –º–æ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ—Å—Å–∏—è –¥–≤–∏–∂–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø–æ —É–ª–∏—Ü–∞–º –°—Ç–∞–Ω–∫–µ –î–∏–º–∏—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞, –ü–µ—Ä–µ—Å–≤–µ—Ç–∞, –õ–µ–Ω–∏–Ω–∞ –∏ –ö—Ä–∞—Å–Ω–æ–∞—Ä–º–µ–π—Å–∫–æ–π. –ö–∞–∫ –∏ —Å–æ–æ–±—â–∞–ª–æ—Å—å —Ä–∞–Ω–µ–µ, –≤—Å–µ —É–ª–∏—Ü—ã, –ø–æ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–º –¥–≤–∏–∂–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ö–æ–¥, –±—É–¥—É—Ç –ø–µ—Ä–µ–∫—Ä—ã—Ç—ã –æ—Ç –∞–≤—Ç–æ–º–æ–±–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ –¥–≤–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è. –ó–∞–≤–µ—Ä—à–∏—Ç—Å—è –∫—Ä–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–π —Ö–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–ª–µ –ö–∞—Ñ–µ–¥—Ä–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ –°–æ–±–æ—Ä–∞. –û–±—â–∞—è –ø—Ä–æ—Ç—è–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –º–∞—Ä—à—Ä—É—Ç–∞ –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ—Å—Å–∏–∏ —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç –ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–∫–∞ –≤–æ—Å—å–º–∏ –∫–∏–ª–æ–º–µ—Ç—Ä–æ–≤.

–í–ø–µ—Ä–≤—ã–µ –ø—Ä–∞–∑–¥–Ω–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –î–Ω—è –°–≤–µ–Ω—Å–∫–æ–π –ë–æ–∂—å–µ–π –ú–∞—Ç–µ—Ä–∏ —Å–ª—É—á–∏–ª–æ—Å—å –µ—â–µ –≤ 1812 –≥–æ–¥—É. –¶–µ—Ä–∫–æ–≤–Ω–∞—è –ª–µ–≥–µ–Ω–¥–∞ –≥–ª–∞—Å–∏—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –∫ —Ä—É—Å—Å–∫–∏–º –ø–æ–¥—Å—Ç—É–ø–∏–ª–∏—Å—å –ª–µ–≥–µ–Ω–¥–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–µ —Ñ—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü—É–∑—ã –≤–æ –≥–ª–∞–≤–µ —Å –ù–∞–ø–æ–ª–µ–æ–Ω–æ–º, –æ–Ω–∏ –≤—ã—à–ª–∏ –≤–æ–∫—Ä—É–≥ –≥–æ—Ä–æ–¥–∞ –ë—Ä—è–Ω—Å–∫–∞ —Å –∫—Ä–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–º —Ö–æ–¥–æ–º. –í —Ä—É–∫–∞—Ö —É –≤–µ—Ä—É—é—â–∏—Ö –±—ã–ª–∞ –≤—ã—à–µ—É–ø–æ–º—è–Ω—É—Ç–∞—è –∏–∫–æ–Ω–∞. –° —Ç–µ—Ö –ø–æ—Ä —É –Ω–∞—Å —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–ª–∞—Å—å —Ç—Ä–∞–¥–∏—Ü–∏—è –æ—Ä–≥–∞–Ω–∏–∑–æ–≤—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å –∫—Ä–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–π —Ö–æ–¥ –∫–∞–∂–¥—ã–π –≥–æ–¥ 30 –∞–≤–≥—É—Å—Ç–∞. –í –Ω–∞—Å—Ç–æ—è—â–µ–µ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è, –∫—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–∏, –æ—Ä–∏–≥–∏–Ω–∞–ª –∏–∫–æ–Ω—ã —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–ª—Å—è. –•—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è –æ–Ω –≤ –¢—Ä–µ—Ç—å—è–∫–æ–≤—Å–∫–æ–π –≥–∞–ª–µ—Ä–µ–µ.

–û—Ç–º–µ—Ç–∏–º, —á—Ç–æ —Ç—Ä–∞–¥–∏—Ü–∏—è –ö—Ä–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–æ–≥–æ –•–æ–¥–∞ —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–ª–∞—Å—å –Ω–µ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –≤ –ë—Ä—è–Ω—Å–∫–µ. –°–ª–∞–≤—è–Ω–µ –í–æ—Å—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ–π –ï–≤—Ä–æ–ø—ã –æ—Ä–≥–∞–Ω–∏–∑–æ–≤—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç –ø–æ–¥–æ–±–Ω—ã–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ—Å—Å–∏–∏. –ö –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä—É, –Ω–∞ –î–µ–Ω—å –ö—Ä–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è –†—É—Å–∏ –º–∞—Å—Å–æ–≤—ã–π –∫—Ä–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–π —Ö–æ–¥ —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–ª—Å—è –∏ –≤ –£–∫—Ä–∞–∏–Ω–µ.